This CEI Trust Fund supported activity will assist the EBRD in the preparation of two projects targeting the railway sector in the Western Balkans. The projects mainly deal with track renewal. The recipient companies of the projects are the Public Enterprise for Railway Infrastructure (PERI) in Macedonia and Serbian Railways (SR) in Serbia. The projects will be implemented by a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) established within PERI and SR respectively. Project supervision will be undertaken by the in-house staff of the two railway companies. The EBRD will engage a Lender's Monitoring Advisor (LMA) to monitor the implementation of these track renewal projects both in Macedonia and Serbia. More specifically, the overall objectives of the LMA are to: monitor tender evaluation and contract award; monitor and audit the performance of the clients and their consultants; monitor the implementation of the contracts on behalf of the Bank; monitor the implementation of mitigation measures included in the Environmental Action Plan; and identify any key problems which may threaten the successful implementation of the Project so that corrective action can be taken. TC funds are needed for this assignment because the EBRD's experience with other railway projects has demonstrated that implementation problems can occur with civil works.